334.16 won't compile for Linux v3.13 (patch included)

The patch in post#4 is complete, theirs are longer because they patch each “ACPI_HANDLE” statement instead of redefining it.

+#if LINUX_VERSION_CODE >= KERNEL_VERSION(3, 13, 0) && defined(ACPI_HANDLE)
+#define DEVICE_ACPI_HANDLE(a) ACPI_HANDLE(a)
+#endif
+

As for it failing perhaps you used the wrong patch level (I use -p1 here).

--- kernel/nv-acpi.c
+++ kernel/nv-acpi.c
@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@
 #include "nv-linux.h"
 #include "nv-reg.h"
 
+#if LINUX_VERSION_CODE >= KERNEL_VERSION(3, 13, 0) && defined(ACPI_HANDLE)
+#define DEVICE_ACPI_HANDLE(a) ACPI_HANDLE(a)
+#endif
+
 #if defined(NV_LINUX_ACPI_EVENTS_SUPPORTED)
 static RM_STATUS   nv_acpi_extract_integer (const union acpi_object *, void *, NvU32, NvU32 *);
 static RM_STATUS   nv_acpi_extract_buffer  (const union acpi_object *, void *, NvU32, NvU32 *);
@@ -303,7 +307,10 @@ static int nv_acpi_remove(struct acpi_de
 
     if (pNvAcpiObject->notify_handler_installed)
     {
+#if LINUX_VERSION_CODE < KERNEL_VERSION(3, 13, 0)
+ /* beginning with 3.13, acpi_remove_notify_handler() waits for events to finish */
         NV_ACPI_OS_WAIT_EVENTS_COMPLETE();
+#endif
 
         // remove event notifier
         status = acpi_remove_notify_handler(device->handle, ACPI_DEVICE_NOTIFY, nv_acpi_event);

To apply with the nvidia patch utility

./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-334.16.run --apply-patch nvidia_3.14_kernel.patch