Thank you all for your help!
I misinterpreted the “Network Layout” section of the JetPack installer. I thought it was asking me to plug the board into the router for some kind of automatic network configuration. When I unplugged the ethernet cable from the board and restarted the flash, everything worked. So apparently having the ethernet cable plugged in during flash will cause an invalid state error.
I appreciate the help in trouble shooting such a simple mistake.