Are there any errors if you check dmesg, particularly about filesystem or when the docker daemon stopped? Strange it is still happening after you changed SD cards.
If you run sudo rm -r -f /var/lib/docker, does that allow your docker service to start again?
Can you try running l4t-base container to see if it causes same issue for you?
sudo docker run -it --rm --net=host --runtime nvidia nvcr.io/nvidia/l4t-base:r32.5.0