Can I verify which L4T version this is? Was there anything specific you were using the Jetson with prior to this showing up (especially something which might write a lot of data do disk)?
I can think of a number of reasons this might be…not all apply to Jetsons, but usually offer some knowledge even if not directly applicable.
If you were to lose access to configuration of the desktop, the the desktop would basically be empty. Some people mount a separate disk for “/home” (I do this on my PC), and if you migrate to a new operating system using the old home directory you might fail to set user ID and group ID on the new system to match what was on the disk with the home directory…the user with the same name will no longer have permission to access that directory, and the configuration files would essentially be missing. You haven’t changed accounts, but it demonstrates access to desktop config being a problem.
I have also seen this in SElinux enforcing mode where some sort of manual creation of a user home directory was not done through an SElinux-aware setup (Jetsons are not SElinux enforced so this is only a demonstration of the mechanism).
If those files used for the desktop configuration were being altered, or altered just prior to shutting down without a clean/non-destructive shutdown command, then the journal system would probably delete those files on restart as a way of avoiding losing 100% of the file system. This can happen even with power surges or brownouts which are too quick for the eye to see if those events occur during or after something writing to or saving desktop content configuration. Do you always use software shutdown commands before removing power (holding the power button down or removing the power cable can cause loss…plus as mentioned, brownouts and power spikes)?
There are also a lot of cases (and this might be what is going on) where the file system is completely filled, and you cannot write anything to it. Many parts of login require writing temporary files, and so it may be that you got to a point in login where setting your configuration is not possible due to a full file system.
Can you log in via CTRL-ALT-F1 in text mode? This would be a clue, and also a great way to look further (ALT-F7 gets back to GUI). ssh is a great way to debug as well…but unfortunately, if the disk is full, then this too will fail since ssh login needs temporary files. Serial console will always work, but “sudo” might fail if the disk is full and if temp files must be written for sudo. If you can get to a command line, what does “df -H /” show?
It is also possible (but not likely) that part of your eMMC is failing. The reason it isn’t likely is because most often such a failure would leave all eMMC bad…it isn’t impossible though.