Ubuntu kernels follow a naming schema, stock kernels have
major.minor.0-patch-level, e.g. 5.13.0-41
kernels from the mainline repo have
major.minor.micro-majorminormicro, e.g. 5.13.41-051341
Mainline kernels are are built on the current latest Ubuntu version at build time.
While the kernel images itself are interchangeable, the problem is that the generic headers needed for building modules of later kernels introduced a dependency on a minimal glibc version, which mostly differ on the Ubuntu versions. Additionally, kernel 5.17 introduced new cpu vulnerability mitigation which requires a new gcc version when enabled not existing on older Ubuntu versions.