This issue, as described in the OP and 550.40.07 - The NVIDIA driver was unable to open 'libnvidia-glvkspirv - #21 by Tekstryder, is no longer occurring with the 580 series driver since Beta.
With 580.82.07 this is no longer reproducable and none of the previously noted errors occur.
There ARE a whole slew of other egl-related errors when visiting the chrome://gpu/ page, but that should discussed in a separate issue thread.
@dr.silens, I see you’re still active here. Please consider marking this thread as SOLVED.
I’ve updated my overall issue tracking thread as such.
EDIT: I’ve created an issue thread reporting the EGL-errors here.