Only 525Mb left of disk space after flashing a 256Gb SD card with the SDK manager. What's going on?

let us know if it worked for you.
Otherwise there will be solutions either to manually move to the end of the disk every of the little partition so that it will be possible to extend the system partition in a way it will fill the rest of the space.
Otherwise. a script could be used for the purpose. There is an example script that could be used for moving all partitions to the end:

#!/bin/sh
set -ex
GPT_SIZE=40
UDA_NEW_SIZE=32
move_part() {
  name=$(sgdisk -i $1 /dev/mmcblk0 | grep "Partition name" | cut -d"'" -f2)
  typecode=$(sgdisk -i $1 /dev/mmcblk0 | grep "Partition GUID code:" | cut -d' ' -f4)
  guid=$(sgdisk -i $1 /dev/mmcblk0 | grep "Partition unique GUID:" | cut -d' ' -f4)
  sgdisk -d $1 -n $1:$2:$3 -c $1:"$name" -t $1:"$typecode" -u $1:"$guid" /dev/mmcblk0
  partprobe /dev/mmcblk0
}
read DISK_SIZE </sys/block/mmcblk0/size
START=$((DISK_SIZE-GPT_SIZE-UDA_NEW_SIZE))
move_part 11 $START $((START+UDA_NEW_SIZE-1))
for i in $(seq 10 -1 2); do
  dd if=/dev/mmcblk0p$i of=part$i.img
  read size </sys/block/mmcblk0/mmcblk0p$i/size
  START=$((START-size))
  move_part $i $START $((START+size-1))
  dd of=/dev/mmcblk0p$i if=part$i.img
  rm -f part$i.img
done
move_part 1 $GPT_SIZE 0
sgdisk --move-second-header /dev/mmcblk0
resize2fs /dev/mmcblk0p1

in the example above the size could be adjusted from 32gb to address the required size of the resulting partition. By default script resizes 14gb to 32gbm but it also moves all intermediatory partitions to the end. So that it will be possible to use gparted to extend/ resize partition with it or with resizefs.
reference threads:
source of the sript above: