I’m encountering this problem too with Skyrim. With drivers newer than 440.100 (I’ve tested many, up through 460.84), Skyrim crashes often with the “Failed to sync fence: VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST” error. With driver 440.100, Skyrim crashes much less often, and never with that error message.
OS: openSuse 15.2, kernel 5.3.18.
Wine: many versions, from 4.11 through 6.12, both Proton and regular wine
dxvk: from 0.96 through 1.9.
nvidia driver: 440.100 works; newer, up through at least 460.84, cause the crash with this error message.
gpu: gtx 660