The clock frequency would be reduced and also the performance.
You could refer to following document for throttling.
Jetson Orin NX Series and Jetson AGX Orin Series — Hardware Throttling
The instant high current is hard to be read from sensor(ina3221), but you could read OC event count through sysfs. In this way, you would know which OC event (x) triggered and counts.
$ cat /sys/class/hwmon/hwmon<X>/oc<x>_event_cnt
You could refer to the following thread for details.
Orin NX Power Data from JTOP - #7 by rkasirajan