Understanding the Operation of Digital Gain in Image Processing and Obtaining 10-Bit Raw Values in Low-Light Imaging

Hi all.

I’m curious about when digital gain comes into play. Initially, I thought that if I had an object with an intensity of 10 in a pixel with values ranging from 0 to 255 (uint8), increasing the digital gain to 5 would make the pixel value 50. However, in reality, values smaller than 50 are produced. I’m wondering how digital gain works and at which stage it operates.

Furthermore, I need to perform imaging in very low-light conditions. Since I need to capture video at 14fps, I can’t increase exposure further. Pixel intensity ranges from 2 to 3 in uint8 format and flickers slightly. The analog gain is at its maximum. I believe uint8 format is insufficient to capture the flickering of this signal. Therefore, I would like to obtain raw values of 10 bits. Is there a way to achieve this? My sensor is IMX708.

hello riul5627k,

your understanding looks correct.
it’s following this formula… AE common gain = ExposureTime * AnalogGain * IspDigitalGain

what does flicker you’ve mentioned here? is it AE cannot converge?
if yes, please execute linear test to confirm your gain behavior.

Hello JerryChang.
Thank you for leaving a response.

The intensity of light reflected from the target itself varies slightly due to changes in ambient lighting. I need to capture changes in light over time with a camera, but it’s challenging to capture subtle changes because the sensitivity is too low. Even if the brightness of a real object changes from 2 to 2.1 (for example), uint8 won’t capture this change, and it will still be indicated as 2. This is why I want to acquire the original signal in 10 bits, not just 8 bits.

I’m also curious about when the ISP digital gain is applied. Is it multiplied onto the signal before it’s converted to uint8, or is it applied after? If it’s applied earlier, I hope that by representing the lost details of the signal in 8 bits, even if only slightly, it might enhance the overall fidelity of the image.

BTW, you may contact with Jetson Camera Partners for camera solutions.

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