Just ran into this same issue as described in OP’s post above - it seems to be an issue with Visual Studio 17.13 that just came out this past week, so I completely uninstalled my current visual studio and visual studio installer that I upgraded this past week, and then I followed instructions here to install the previous version of Visual Studio, namely version 17.12. I did it with the following command in a Powershell Prompt, with VisualStudioSetup.exe being the file that gets downloaded directly from the official Visual Studio website when selecting “Visual Studio Community 2022” as the IDE to download:
.\VisualStudioSetup.exe --channelUri https://aka.ms/vs/17/release.LTSC.17.12/channel
After making selections and let install Visual Studio per above command, I was able to then afterwards install the Visual Studio CUDA 12.8 toolkit integrations without a hitch. Hope this helps. But yes Visual Studio MUST BE installed BEFORE CUDA Toolkit for the Visual Studio CUDA Toolkit Integrations to install as well.