STOP. Before you mutter, “Dur-hey; we announced months ago GTX-1000 series boards would be deprecated in v590,” and round-file this, read to the end.
Last night I upgraded the cuda-drivers Debian package to 590.44.01-1 from https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/debian12/x86_64 . The package and and its dependencies all installed successfully.
Upon reboot, the driver reported that v590 no longer supported my GTX-1070 Ti, and the boot stopped. Luckily, I was able to change to a text console and repair the system.
The bug is that the drivers installed at all. v590 Debian packages should incorporate a preinst script that probes for unsupported hardware and, if found, aborts the installation, or at the very least throws up a dialog saying, “Hey! Old board; this driver won’t work. Do you want to proceed with the install anyway? [Yes] [[No]]”. Aborting the install would leave the working drivers undisturbed, saving the user from having to spend an hour repairing their system.