Hi,
It looks like you would need to run Jetson Nano as a USB host in the usecase. But in the connection, Jetson Nano is in USB device mode. A possible solution is to connect the phone to Jetson Nano through type-C to type-A adapter. If there is certain driver on the phone, you may access the phone cameras through UVC driver.
A similar usercase is USB tethering:
Android USB tethering not working - #28 by DaneLLL