It seems that the installation is just incorrect. I don’t know exactly what change, I tend frequently update to newer stuff. But with the combination listed in subject, the driver can’t install. dkms install simply returns 0, without doing anything. I traced this as far as build_module function of /usr/sbin/dkms. The built_module_name array is empty, so dkms thinks there is nothing to do.
dkms.conf that installer created:
[vps@phoenix]~$ cat /usr/src/nvidia-450.57/dkms.conf
PACKAGE_NAME="nvidia"
PACKAGE_VERSION="450.57"
AUTOINSTALL="yes"
# By default, DKMS will add KERNELRELEASE to the make command line; however,
# this will cause the kernel module build to infer that it was invoked via
# Kbuild directly instead of DKMS. The dkms(8) manual page recommends quoting
# the 'make' command name to suppress this behavior.
MAKE[0]="'make' -j8 NV_EXCLUDE_BUILD_MODULES='' KERNEL_UNAME=${kernelver} IGNORE_CC_MISMATCH='' modules"
# The list of kernel modules was generated by nvidia-installer at runtime.
BUILT_MODULE_NAME[0]="nvidia"
DEST_MODULE_LOCATION[0]="/kernel/drivers/video"
BUILT_MODULE_NAME[1]="nvidia-uvm"
DEST_MODULE_LOCATION[1]="/kernel/drivers/video"
BUILT_MODULE_NAME[2]="nvidia-modeset"
DEST_MODULE_LOCATION[2]="/kernel/drivers/video"
BUILT_MODULE_NAME[3]="nvidia-drm"
DEST_MODULE_LOCATION[3]="/kernel/drivers/video"